Add flash utility, display fixes, and comprehensive README

- flash.py: standalone flash utility with serial port listing, merge-bin,
  GitHub Releases download, and esptool flash support
- Display.h: hide LAN row when Local TCP disabled, show local TCP port
  instead of backbone port
- README.md: comprehensive documentation — Quick Start with 3 flash options,
  OLED display layout, interface modes, routing customizations, path table
  fix, interface name uniqueness, hardware rationale (PSRAM/flash)
- Release/boot_app0.bin: bundled for flash.py standalone use
- .gitignore: exclude merged firmware binary build artifact

.gitignore

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 *.hex
 *.pyc
 TODO
+rnodethv4_firmware.bin
 Release/*.hex
 Release/*.zip
 Release/*.json

Display.h

@@ -840,17 +840,13 @@ void draw_stat_area() {
       stat_area.print("wan");
     }
 
-    // Row 4 — LAN / local TCP server
+    // Row 4 — LAN / local TCP server (hidden when disabled)
-    if (!boundary_state.ap_tcp_enabled) {
+    if (boundary_state.ap_tcp_enabled) {
-      stat_area.drawCircle(4, 33, 3, SSD1306_WHITE);
+      if (boundary_state.ap_tcp_connected) {
-      stat_area.setCursor(10, 36);
-      stat_area.print("LAN");
-    } else if (boundary_state.ap_tcp_connected) {
         stat_area.fillCircle(4, 33, 3, SSD1306_WHITE);
-      stat_area.setCursor(10, 36);
-      stat_area.print("LAN");
       } else {
         stat_area.drawCircle(4, 33, 3, SSD1306_WHITE);
+      }
       stat_area.setCursor(10, 36);
       stat_area.print("LAN");
     }
@@ -971,9 +967,11 @@ void draw_disp_area() {
         disp_area.print("No WiFi");
       }
 
-      // Backbone port
+      // Local TCP server port (shown only when enabled)
       disp_area.setCursor(2, 55);
-      disp_area.printf("Port:%u", boundary_state.tcp_port);
+      if (boundary_state.ap_tcp_enabled) {
+        disp_area.printf("Port:%u", boundary_state.ap_tcp_port);
+      }
 
       // 1px separator after Port line
       disp_area.drawLine(0, 60, disp_area.width()-1, 60, SSD1306_WHITE);

README.md

@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ Built on [microReticulum](https://github.com/attermann/microReticulum) (a C++ po
 
 ## Hardware
 
+The **Heltec WiFi LoRa 32 V4** was chosen because it ships standard with **2 MB PSRAM** and **16 MB flash** — enough headroom for the microReticulum transport tables, packet caching to flash storage, and the web-based configuration portal. Many other LoRa dev boards come with only 4–8 MB flash and no PSRAM, which would require significant compromises to the boundary node's caching and routing capabilities.
+
 | Component | Spec |
 |-----------|------|
 | **Board** | Heltec WiFi LoRa 32 V4 |
@@ -41,28 +43,63 @@ Built on [microReticulum](https://github.com/attermann/microReticulum) (a C++ po
 
 ## Quick Start
 
-### Prerequisites
+### Option A: Easy Flash (no PlatformIO required)
 
-- [PlatformIO](https://platformio.org/) installed (via VS Code extension or CLI)
+The easiest way to flash a pre-built firmware. You only need Python 3 and a USB cable.
-- Heltec WiFi LoRa 32 V4 connected via USB
-
-### Build & Flash
 
 ```bash
-# Clone this repo
+# Install esptool (one time)
+pip install esptool
+
+# Clone this repo (or download just flash.py + the firmware binary)
+git clone https://github.com/jrl290/RNodeTHV4.git
+cd RNodeTHV4
+
+# Download latest firmware from GitHub Releases and flash
+python flash.py --download
+
+# Or flash a local binary
+python flash.py --file rnodethv4_firmware.bin
+```
+
+The flash utility will list all available serial ports and prompt you to choose one. If no ports are detected, you may need to hold the **BOOT** button while pressing **RESET** to enter download mode.
+
+### Option B: Build from Source (PlatformIO)
+
+For development or customization:
+
+```bash
+# Prerequisites: PlatformIO installed (VS Code extension or CLI)
+
 git clone https://github.com/jrl290/RNodeTHV4.git
 cd RNodeTHV4
 
 # Build
 pio run -e heltec_V4_boundary
 
-# Flash
+# Flash (via PlatformIO)
 pio run -e heltec_V4_boundary -t upload
 
+# Or create a merged binary and flash with the utility
+python flash.py --merge-only    # creates rnodethv4_firmware.bin
+python flash.py                 # flash it
+
 # Monitor serial output (optional)
 pio device monitor -e heltec_V4_boundary
 ```
 
+### Option C: Manual esptool Flash
+
+If you have the merged binary (`rnodethv4_firmware.bin`), you can flash it with a single esptool command:
+
+```bash
+esptool.py --chip esp32s3 --port /dev/ttyACM0 --baud 921600 \
+  write_flash -z --flash_mode qio --flash_freq 80m --flash_size 16MB \
+  0x0 rnodethv4_firmware.bin
+```
+
+Replace `/dev/ttyACM0` with your serial port (`/dev/cu.usbmodem*` on macOS, `COM3` on Windows).
+
 On first boot (or if no configuration is found), the device automatically enters the **Configuration Portal**.
 
 ## Configuration Portal
@@ -120,7 +157,7 @@ The 128×64 OLED is split into two panels:
  ● LORA          ← filled circle = radio online
  ○ wifi          ← unfilled circle = WiFi disconnected
  ● WAN           ← filled = backbone TCP connected
- ○ LAN           ← unfilled = no local TCP clients
+ ● LAN           ← filled = local TCP client connected
  ────────────────
  Air:0.3%        ← current LoRa airtime
  ▓▓▓▓▓ |||||||   ← battery, signal quality
@@ -129,6 +166,7 @@ The 128×64 OLED is split into two panels:
 - **Filled circle (●)** = active/connected
 - **Unfilled circle (○)** = inactive/disconnected
 - Labels are UPPERCASE when active, lowercase when inactive (except LAN which is always uppercase)
+- **LAN row is hidden** when the Local TCP Server is disabled in configuration — the remaining layout stays in place
 
 ### Right Panel — Device Info (64×64)
 
@@ -138,10 +176,13 @@ The 128×64 OLED is split into two panels:
  SF7 125k         ← spreading factor & bandwidth
  ────────────────  ← separator
  192.168.1.42     ← WiFi IP address (or "No WiFi")
- Port:4242        ← backbone TCP port
+ Port:4242        ← Local TCP server port
  ────────────────  ← separator
 ```
 
+- **Port** shows the Local TCP server port (the port local nodes connect to), not the backbone port
+- **Port line is hidden** when the Local TCP Server is disabled
+
 ## Interface Modes
 
 The firmware runs up to **three RNS interfaces** simultaneously, using different interface modes to control announce propagation and routing behavior:
@@ -164,6 +205,11 @@ The TCP backbone connection uses `MODE_BOUNDARY` (`0x20`), a custom implementati
 
 If enabled, a TCP server on the WiFi network allows local Reticulum nodes to connect. It also uses Access Point mode, with the same announce filtering as LoRa.
 
+**Implementation details:**
+- Each TCP interface must have a **unique name** to produce a unique interface hash — the backbone uses `"TcpInterface"` and the local server uses `"LocalTcpInterface"`. Without distinct names, both interfaces produce the same hash, causing the interface map lookup to fail when routing packets.
+- TCP interfaces are configured with a **10 Mbps bitrate**, which causes Reticulum's Transport to prefer TCP paths over LoRa paths (typically ~1–10 kbps) when both are available for the same destination.
+- When the Local TCP Server is disabled, its status indicator (LAN) and port number are hidden from the OLED display.
+
 ## Routing & Memory Customizations
 
 The ESP32-S3 has limited RAM compared to a desktop Reticulum node. Several customizations were made to the microReticulum library to operate reliably within these constraints:
@@ -217,6 +263,18 @@ This was changed to call `unpack()` instead, which parses all packet fields AND
 
 > **Note:** `unpack()` only parses the plaintext routing envelope (destination hash, flags, hops, transport headers). It does not decrypt the end-to-end encrypted payload. Every Reticulum transport node performs equivalent header parsing during normal routing — this is standard behavior, not a security concern.
 
+### Path Table Update Fix
+
+The C++ `std::map::insert()` method silently does nothing when a key already exists — unlike Python's `dict[key] = value` which replaces. The original microReticulum code used `insert()` to update path table entries, meaning stale LoRa paths were never replaced by newer TCP paths (or vice versa).
+
+This was fixed by calling `erase()` before `insert()`, ensuring updated path entries always replace stale ones. Without this fix, the boundary node would continue routing packets via an old interface even after a better path was learned.
+
+### Interface Name Uniqueness
+
+Each RNS interface must have a **unique name** because the name is hashed to produce the interface identifier used in path table lookups. If two interfaces share the same name, they produce the same hash, and `std::map` can only store one — causing the Transport layer to fail to resolve the correct outbound interface for packets.
+
+The TcpInterface constructor accepts an explicit `name` parameter: the backbone uses `"TcpInterface"` and the local server uses `"LocalTcpInterface"`.
+
 ## Connecting to the Backbone
 
 ### Example: Connect to rmap.world
@@ -265,8 +323,9 @@ Set the boundary node's **Local TCP Server** to **Enabled** (port 4242).
 | `RNode_Firmware.ino` | Main firmware — boundary mode initialization, interface setup, button handling |
 | `BoundaryMode.h` | Boundary state struct, EEPROM load/save, configuration defaults |
 | `BoundaryConfig.h` | Web-based captive portal for configuration |
-| `TcpInterface.h` | TCP backbone interface (implements `RNS::InterfaceImpl`) with HDLC framing |
+| `TcpInterface.h` | TCP interface for both backbone and local server (implements `RNS::InterfaceImpl`) with HDLC framing, unique naming, and 10 Mbps bitrate |
 | `Display.h` | OLED display layout — boundary-specific status page |
+| `flash.py` | Flash utility — list serial ports, download from GitHub, merge & flash firmware |
 | `Boards.h` | Board variant definition for `heltec32v4_boundary` |
 | `platformio.ini` | Build targets: `heltec_V4_boundary` and `heltec_V4_boundary-local` |
 
@@ -276,7 +335,7 @@ The firmware depends on [microReticulum](https://github.com/attermann/microRetic
 
 | File | Changes |
 |------|---------|
-| `Transport.cpp` | Selective caching, default route forwarding, boundary-aware culling, `get_cached_packet()` unpack fix, memory limits |
+| `Transport.cpp` | Selective caching, default route forwarding, boundary-aware culling, `get_cached_packet()` unpack fix, path table `erase()+insert()` fix, memory limits |
 | `Transport.h` | `MODE_BOUNDARY`, `PacketEntry`, `Callbacks`, `cull_path_table()`, configurable table sizes |
 | `Identity.cpp` | `_known_destinations_maxsize` = 24, `cull_known_destinations()` |
 | `Type.h` | `MODE_BOUNDARY` = 0x20, reduced `MAX_QUEUED_ANNOUNCES`, `MAX_RECEIPTS`, shorter timeouts |

flash.py

@@ -0,0 +1,401 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+RNodeTHV4 Flash Utility
+
+Flash the RNodeTHV4 boundary node firmware to a Heltec WiFi LoRa 32 V4.
+No PlatformIO required — just Python 3 and a USB cable.
+
+Usage:
+    # Flash a pre-built merged binary (from GitHub Releases or local build)
+    python flash.py
+
+    # Flash a specific file
+    python flash.py --file rnodethv4_firmware.bin
+
+    # Download latest from GitHub and flash
+    python flash.py --download
+
+    # Specify serial port manually
+    python flash.py --port /dev/ttyACM0
+
+    # Just build the merged binary (requires PlatformIO build output)
+    python flash.py --merge-only
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import glob
+import hashlib
+import os
+import platform
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import time
+
+# ── Configuration ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+CHIP            = "esp32s3"
+FLASH_MODE      = "qio"
+FLASH_FREQ      = "80m"
+FLASH_SIZE      = "16MB"
+BAUD_RATE       = "921600"
+MERGED_FILENAME = "rnodethv4_firmware.bin"
+GITHUB_REPO     = "jrl290/RNodeTHV4"
+
+# Flash addresses for ESP32-S3 Arduino framework
+BOOTLOADER_ADDR = 0x0000
+PARTITIONS_ADDR = 0x8000
+BOOT_APP0_ADDR  = 0xe000
+APP_ADDR        = 0x10000
+
+# PlatformIO build output paths (relative to project root)
+BUILD_DIR       = ".pio/build/heltec_V4_boundary"
+BOOTLOADER_BIN  = os.path.join(BUILD_DIR, "bootloader.bin")
+PARTITIONS_BIN  = os.path.join(BUILD_DIR, "partitions.bin")
+FIRMWARE_BIN    = os.path.join(BUILD_DIR, "rnode_firmware_heltec32v4_boundary.bin")
+BOOT_APP0_BIN   = os.path.expanduser(
+    "~/.platformio/packages/framework-arduinoespressif32/tools/partitions/boot_app0.bin"
+)
+
+# ── Helpers ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def find_esptool():
+    """Find esptool.py — bundled, pip-installed, or PlatformIO's copy."""
+    # 1. Bundled in Release/
+    bundled = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "Release", "esptool", "esptool.py")
+    if os.path.isfile(bundled):
+        return [sys.executable, bundled]
+
+    # 2. pip-installed esptool
+    if shutil.which("esptool.py"):
+        return ["esptool.py"]
+    if shutil.which("esptool"):
+        return ["esptool"]
+
+    # 3. PlatformIO's esptool
+    pio_esptool = os.path.expanduser(
+        "~/.platformio/packages/tool-esptoolpy/esptool.py"
+    )
+    if os.path.isfile(pio_esptool):
+        return [sys.executable, pio_esptool]
+
+    return None
+
+
+def find_serial_port():
+    """List available serial ports and let the user choose."""
+    system = platform.system()
+
+    # Gather ports from glob patterns
+    if system == "Darwin":
+        patterns = ["/dev/cu.usbmodem*", "/dev/tty.usbmodem*",
+                    "/dev/cu.usbserial*", "/dev/cu.SLAB*"]
+    elif system == "Linux":
+        patterns = ["/dev/ttyACM*", "/dev/ttyUSB*"]
+    else:
+        patterns = []
+
+    ports = []
+    for pattern in patterns:
+        ports.extend(glob.glob(pattern))
+
+    # Also try pyserial's port enumeration (works on all platforms including Windows)
+    try:
+        import serial.tools.list_ports
+        for port in serial.tools.list_ports.comports():
+            if port.device not in ports:
+                ports.append(port.device)
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+    # Sort for consistent ordering
+    ports.sort()
+
+    if not ports:
+        return None
+
+    print("\nAvailable serial ports:")
+    for i, p in enumerate(ports):
+        print(f"  [{i+1}] {p}")
+    print()
+
+    while True:
+        try:
+            choice = input(f"Select port [1-{len(ports)}]: ").strip()
+            idx = int(choice) - 1
+            if 0 <= idx < len(ports):
+                return ports[idx]
+        except (ValueError, EOFError):
+            pass
+        print("Invalid selection, try again.")
+
+
+def sha256_file(path):
+    """Compute SHA-256 hash of a file."""
+    h = hashlib.sha256()
+    with open(path, "rb") as f:
+        for chunk in iter(lambda: f.read(65536), b""):
+            h.update(chunk)
+    return h.hexdigest()
+
+
+def download_firmware(dest_path):
+    """Download the latest merged firmware from GitHub Releases."""
+    try:
+        from urllib.request import urlretrieve, urlopen
+        import json
+    except ImportError:
+        print("Error: Python urllib not available.")
+        return False
+
+    api_url = f"https://api.github.com/repos/{GITHUB_REPO}/releases/latest"
+    print(f"Checking latest release from {GITHUB_REPO}...")
+
+    try:
+        with urlopen(api_url) as resp:
+            release = json.loads(resp.read())
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"Error fetching release info: {e}")
+        return False
+
+    # Find the merged firmware asset
+    asset_url = None
+    for asset in release.get("assets", []):
+        if asset["name"] == MERGED_FILENAME:
+            asset_url = asset["browser_download_url"]
+            break
+
+    if not asset_url:
+        print(f"Error: '{MERGED_FILENAME}' not found in latest release ({release.get('tag_name', '?')}).")
+        print("Available assets:", [a["name"] for a in release.get("assets", [])])
+        return False
+
+    print(f"Downloading {release['tag_name']} / {MERGED_FILENAME}...")
+    try:
+        urlretrieve(asset_url, dest_path)
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"Download failed: {e}")
+        return False
+
+    size = os.path.getsize(dest_path)
+    print(f"Downloaded {size:,} bytes  SHA-256: {sha256_file(dest_path)[:16]}...")
+    return True
+
+
+def merge_firmware(output_path, esptool_cmd):
+    """Merge bootloader + partitions + boot_app0 + app into a single binary."""
+    # Check all required files exist
+    required = {
+        "bootloader": BOOTLOADER_BIN,
+        "partitions": PARTITIONS_BIN,
+        "firmware":   FIRMWARE_BIN,
+    }
+
+    # boot_app0 can come from PlatformIO or be bundled
+    boot_app0 = BOOT_APP0_BIN
+    if not os.path.isfile(boot_app0):
+        # Check if bundled in Release/
+        alt = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "Release", "boot_app0.bin")
+        if os.path.isfile(alt):
+            boot_app0 = alt
+        else:
+            print(f"Error: boot_app0.bin not found at {BOOT_APP0_BIN}")
+            print("       Run 'pio run -e heltec_V4_boundary' first, or install PlatformIO.")
+            return False
+    required["boot_app0"] = boot_app0
+
+    for name, path in required.items():
+        if not os.path.isfile(path):
+            print(f"Error: {name} not found: {path}")
+            print("Run 'pio run -e heltec_V4_boundary' to build first.")
+            return False
+
+    print("Merging firmware components...")
+    print(f"  Bootloader: {BOOTLOADER_BIN}  @ 0x{BOOTLOADER_ADDR:04x}")
+    print(f"  Partitions: {PARTITIONS_BIN}  @ 0x{PARTITIONS_ADDR:04x}")
+    print(f"  boot_app0:  {boot_app0}       @ 0x{BOOT_APP0_ADDR:04x}")
+    print(f"  Firmware:   {FIRMWARE_BIN}    @ 0x{APP_ADDR:05x}")
+
+    cmd = esptool_cmd + [
+        "--chip", CHIP,
+        "merge_bin",
+        "--flash_mode", FLASH_MODE,
+        "--flash_freq", FLASH_FREQ,
+        "--flash_size", FLASH_SIZE,
+        "-o", output_path,
+        f"0x{BOOTLOADER_ADDR:x}", BOOTLOADER_BIN,
+        f"0x{PARTITIONS_ADDR:x}", PARTITIONS_BIN,
+        f"0x{BOOT_APP0_ADDR:x}",  boot_app0,
+        f"0x{APP_ADDR:x}",        FIRMWARE_BIN,
+    ]
+
+    result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True)
+    if result.returncode != 0:
+        print(f"Error merging: {result.stderr}{result.stdout}")
+        return False
+
+    size = os.path.getsize(output_path)
+    print(f"\nMerged binary: {output_path} ({size:,} bytes)")
+    print(f"SHA-256: {sha256_file(output_path)[:16]}...")
+    return True
+
+
+def flash_firmware(firmware_path, port, esptool_cmd, baud=BAUD_RATE):
+    """Flash firmware to the device."""
+    print(f"\nFlashing {firmware_path} to {port}...")
+    print(f"  Chip: {CHIP}  Baud: {baud}  Flash: {FLASH_SIZE}\n")
+
+    # Determine if this is a merged binary (flash at 0x0) or app-only (flash at 0x10000)
+    size = os.path.getsize(firmware_path)
+    if size > 1500000:
+        # Merged binary — includes bootloader, partitions, etc.
+        flash_addr = f"0x{BOOTLOADER_ADDR:x}"
+    else:
+        # App-only binary
+        flash_addr = f"0x{APP_ADDR:x}"
+
+    cmd = esptool_cmd + [
+        "--chip", CHIP,
+        "--port", port,
+        "--baud", baud,
+        "--before", "default_reset",
+        "--after", "hard_reset",
+        "write_flash",
+        "-z",
+        "--flash_mode", FLASH_MODE,
+        "--flash_freq", FLASH_FREQ,
+        "--flash_size", FLASH_SIZE,
+        flash_addr, firmware_path,
+    ]
+
+    print("Running: " + " ".join(cmd[-8:]))
+    result = subprocess.run(cmd)
+    return result.returncode == 0
+
+
+# ── Main ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="RNodeTHV4 Flash Utility — flash boundary node firmware to Heltec V4",
+        formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
+        epilog="""
+Examples:
+  python flash.py                         # Flash local merged binary
+  python flash.py --download              # Download latest release and flash
+  python flash.py --file firmware.bin     # Flash a specific file
+  python flash.py --merge-only            # Build merged binary from PlatformIO output
+  python flash.py --port /dev/ttyACM0     # Specify serial port
+        """,
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--file", "-f", help="Path to firmware binary to flash")
+    parser.add_argument("--port", "-p", help="Serial port (auto-detected if omitted)")
+    parser.add_argument("--baud", "-b", default=BAUD_RATE, help=f"Baud rate (default: {BAUD_RATE})")
+    parser.add_argument("--download", "-d", action="store_true",
+                        help="Download latest firmware from GitHub Releases")
+    parser.add_argument("--merge-only", action="store_true",
+                        help="Merge PlatformIO build output into single binary, don't flash")
+    parser.add_argument("--no-merge", action="store_true",
+                        help="Skip merge step, use existing merged binary or --file")
+
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    baud = args.baud
+
+    print("╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗")
+    print("║       RNodeTHV4 Flash Utility            ║")
+    print("║  Heltec WiFi LoRa 32 V4 Boundary Node   ║")
+    print("╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝")
+    print()
+
+    # Find esptool
+    esptool_cmd = find_esptool()
+    if not esptool_cmd:
+        print("Error: esptool not found!")
+        print("Install it with:  pip install esptool")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    print(f"Using esptool: {' '.join(esptool_cmd)}")
+
+    # Determine firmware file
+    firmware_path = None
+
+    if args.file:
+        firmware_path = args.file
+        if not os.path.isfile(firmware_path):
+            print(f"Error: file not found: {firmware_path}")
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+    elif args.download:
+        firmware_path = MERGED_FILENAME
+        if not download_firmware(firmware_path):
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+    elif args.merge_only:
+        if merge_firmware(MERGED_FILENAME, esptool_cmd):
+            print(f"\nDone! Flash with:  python flash.py --file {MERGED_FILENAME}")
+        else:
+            sys.exit(1)
+        return
+
+    else:
+        # Try to find or create a merged binary
+        if os.path.isfile(MERGED_FILENAME) and not args.no_merge:
+            # Check if PlatformIO build is newer
+            if os.path.isfile(FIRMWARE_BIN):
+                build_time = os.path.getmtime(FIRMWARE_BIN)
+                merge_time = os.path.getmtime(MERGED_FILENAME)
+                if build_time > merge_time:
+                    print("Build output is newer than merged binary, re-merging...")
+                    if not merge_firmware(MERGED_FILENAME, esptool_cmd):
+                        sys.exit(1)
+            firmware_path = MERGED_FILENAME
+        elif os.path.isfile(FIRMWARE_BIN):
+            # Build exists but no merged binary — create one
+            print("Found PlatformIO build output, creating merged binary...")
+            if not merge_firmware(MERGED_FILENAME, esptool_cmd):
+                sys.exit(1)
+            firmware_path = MERGED_FILENAME
+        elif os.path.isfile(MERGED_FILENAME):
+            firmware_path = MERGED_FILENAME
+        else:
+            print("No firmware found!")
+            print()
+            print("Options:")
+            print("  1. Build with PlatformIO first:  pio run -e heltec_V4_boundary")
+            print("  2. Download from GitHub:         python flash.py --download")
+            print("  3. Specify a file:               python flash.py --file <path>")
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+    # Flash
+    port = args.port or find_serial_port()
+    if not port:
+        print("\nError: No serial port detected!")
+        print("Connect your Heltec V4 via USB and try again,")
+        print("or specify manually: python flash.py --port /dev/ttyACM0")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    print(f"\nSerial port: {port}")
+    print(f"Firmware:    {firmware_path} ({os.path.getsize(firmware_path):,} bytes)")
+    print()
+
+    confirm = input("Flash firmware? [Y/n] ").strip().lower()
+    if confirm and confirm != "y":
+        print("Aborted.")
+        sys.exit(0)
+
+    if flash_firmware(firmware_path, port, esptool_cmd, baud):
+        print()
+        print("╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗")
+        print("║          Flash complete!                 ║")
+        print("║  Device will reboot automatically.       ║")
+        print("║                                          ║")
+        print("║  On first boot, hold PRG > 5s to enter   ║")
+        print("║  the configuration portal.               ║")
+        print("╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝")
+    else:
+        print("\nFlash FAILED. Check connection and try again.")
+        print("You may need to hold BOOT while pressing RESET.")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()